Increasing doses of fiber do not influence short-term satiety or food intake and are inconsistently linked to gut hormone levels

  • Holly J. Willis University of Minnesota
  • William Thomas University of Minnesota, Division of Biostatistics
  • Alison L. Eldridge Nestle Research Center
  • Laura Harkness Nestle Inc
  • Hilary Green Nestle Research Center
  • Joanne L. Slavin University of Minnesota, Department of Food Science and Nutrition
Keywords: Dietary fiber, satiety, gut hormones, food intake

Abstract

Background: People who eat more fiber often have a lower body weight than people who eat less fiber. The mechanism for this relationship has been explained, in part, by increased satiety, which may occur as a result of changes in appetite-suppressing gut hormone levels, and decreases in food intake at subsequent meals. Objective: We hypothesized that increasing doses of mixed fiber, consumed in muffins for breakfast, would proportionally influence satiety, gut hormone levels, and subsequent food intake. Design: This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Healthy men (n=10) and women (n=10) with a BMI of 24±2 (mean±SEM) participated in this study. Fasting subjects consumed a muffin with 0, 4, 8, or 12 g of mixed fibers and approximately 500 kcal. Visual analog scales rated hunger and satiety for 3 h; blood was drawn to measure ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36) at various intervals; and food intake was measured at an ad libitum lunch. Results: Responses to satiety-related questions did not differ among treatments. However, despite lack of differences in satiety, gut hormone levels differed among treatments. Ghrelin was higher after the 12 g fiber dose than after the 4 and 8 g fiber doses. GLP-1 was higher after the 0 g fiber dose than after the 12 and 4 g fiber doses, and PYY3-36 did not differ among fiber doses. Food intake was also indistinguishable among doses. Conclusion: Satiety, gut hormone response, and food intake did not change in a dose-dependent manner after subjects consumed 0, 4, 8, and 12 g of mixed fiber in muffins for breakfast.

Keywords: fiber dose; fiber; ghrelin; GLP-1; PYY; appetite; hunger; visual analog scales

(Published: 29 June 2010)

Citation: Food & Nutrition Research 2010, 54: 5135 - DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v54i0.5135

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Joanne L. Slavin, University of Minnesota, Department of Food Science and Nutrition
Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition
Published
2010-06-29
How to Cite
Willis H. J., Thomas W., Eldridge A. L., Harkness L., Green H., & Slavin J. L. (2010). Increasing doses of fiber do not influence short-term satiety or food intake and are inconsistently linked to gut hormone levels. Food & Nutrition Research. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v54i0.5135
Section
Original Articles