Dietary habits among snus users: a population-based cross-sectional study

Fanny  Berglund; Johanna Törmä; Maria  Wennberg; Patrik Wennberg; Viktor Oskarsson

doi:10.29219/fnr.v67.9537

Fanny Berglund Department of Health and Medical Services, Region Norrbotten, Luleå, Sweden
Johanna Törmä Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Maria Wennberg Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Patrik Wennberg Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Viktor Oskarsson Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.9537

Keywords: tobacco, smokeless tobacco, snus, diet, food, beverages

Abstract

Background: The dietary habits among snus users are largely unknown and have not been accounted for in observational studies on the health effects of snus use.

Aim: To examine whether snus users eat unhealthier than never tobacco users.

Methods: A total of 3,397 male participants, examined between 1994 and 2014 in the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) study, were included. Snus use and dietary habits were self-reported using questionnaires, from which intakes of different food groups, macronutrients, and a healthy diet score (HDS) were calculated (the latter as a proxy for overall diet quality). The association between snus use and dietary habits was examined by quantile regression models.

Results: In the multivariable-adjusted model, current snus users had a lower HDS (median difference: −0.86 [95% confidence interval: −1.32, −0.40]) than never tobacco users. Snus users also consumed fewer weekly servings of fruits and berries (median difference: −1.03 [−1.65, −0.40]), and their estimated percentage of energy intake consisted of less carbohydrates (median difference: −1.43 [−2.12, −0.74]) and of more total fat (median difference: 0.99 [0.30, 1.67]), saturated fat (median difference: 0.67 [0.29, 1.05]), monounsaturated fat (median difference: 0.44 [0.20, 0.68]), trans fat (median difference: 0.03 [0.01, 0.06]), and alcohol (median difference: 0.21 [0.02, 0.40]).

Conclusion: We observed that snus users had an unhealthier diet than never tobacco users. Future studies on the association between snus use and health outcomes should, therefore, consider diet as a potential confounder.

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