Development of a Mediterranean diet score adapted to Japan and its relation to obesity risk

  • Masao Kanauchi Kio University
  • Kimiko Kanauchi Narahigashi Hospital
Keywords: Mediterranean diet, Japanese, diet quality, obesity

Abstract

Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) is well known as a healthy diet that protects against several chronic diseases. However, there is no appropriate and easy index to assess adherence to the MD pattern in Japan.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a novel instrument to measure MD adherence adapted to a Japanese diet and to examine its association with overweight/obesity risk.

Methods: A cross-sectional nutritional survey provided the data for construction of a novel MD score. In total, 1,048 subjects who were employees and university students, aged 18–68 years (645 men and 403 women), completed a 58-item brief-type self-administered dietary history questionnaire. We constructed a Japanese-adapted MD score (jMD score) focusing on 13 components. Adherence to the jMD was categorized as low (score 0–4), moderate (5–7), or high (8–13).

Results: Men had higher jMD scores than women, and adherence to the jMD score increased with age. Only 11.6% of subjects showed high adherence to the jMD, whereas 29.6% showed low adherence. A higher jMD adherence was associated with a higher intake of favorable nutrients with the exception of salt. The jMD adherence was significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of having overweight/obesity for the highest category compared with lowest category (odds ratio [OR] 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30–0.85, p-trend=0.017) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, and hypertension. A two-point increment in jMD score was related to a reduced likelihood of having overweight/obesity with an odds ratio of 0.76 (95% CI 0.65–0.90, p=0.002).

Conclusions: Our novel jMD score confirmed reasonable associations with nutrient intakes, and higher MD adherence was associated with a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity.

Keywords: Mediterranean diet; Japanese; diet quality; obesity

(Published: 1 November 2016)

Citation: Food & Nutrition Research 2016, 60: 32172 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.32172

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Masao Kanauchi, Kio University
Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science
Kimiko Kanauchi, Narahigashi Hospital
Department of Internal Medicine
Published
2016-11-01
How to Cite
Kanauchi M., & Kanauchi K. (2016). Development of a Mediterranean diet score adapted to Japan and its relation to obesity risk. Food & Nutrition Research, 60. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.32172
Section
Original Articles