Hypolipidemic activities of partially deacetylated α-chitin nanofibers/nanowhiskers in mice
Abstract
Partially deacetylated α-chitin nanofibers/nanowhiskers mixtures (DEChNs) were prepared by 35% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment followed by disintegration in water at pH 3–4. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypolipidemic effects of DEChNs at different dosage levels in male Kunming mice. The male mice were randomly separated into five groups, that is, a normal diet group, a high-fat diet group, and three DEChN groups that were treated with different doses of DEChN dispersions (L: low dose, M: medium dose, H: high dose). Primarily, the DEChNs significantly decreased body weight (BW) gain and adipose tissue weight (ATW) gain of mice. Meanwhile, the decreasing extent of weight ratios between ATW and BW was dependent on the dose of DEChNs. Moreover, the DEChNs prevented an increase in plasma lipids (cholesterol and triacylglycerol) in mice when they were fed a high-fat diet. Histopathological examination of hepatocytes revealed that the DEChNs were effective in decreasing the accumulation of lipids in the liver and preventing the development of a fatty liver. The results suggested that the DEChNs reduced the absorption of dietary fat and cholesterol in vivo and could effectively reduce hypercholesterolemia in mice.
Downloads
References
- Prasad K, Kalra J. Oxygen free radicals and hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis: effect of vitamin E[J]. Am Heart J 1993; 125(4): 958–973.
- Zhang HL, Tao Y, Guo J, Hu YM, and Su ZQ. Hypolipidemic effects of chitosan nanoparticles in hyperlipidemia rats induced by high fat diet[J]. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11(4): 457–461.
- Liu X, Sun Z, Zhang M, Meng X, Xia X, Yuan W, et al. Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities of polysaccharides from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus[J]. Carbohydr Polymers 2012; 90(4): 1664–1670.
- Knopp RH. Drug treatment of lipid disorders[J]. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(7): 498–511.
- Vergara-Jimenez M, Conde K, Erickson SK, and Fernandez ML. Hypolipidemic mechanisms of pectin and psyllium in guinea pigs fed high fat–sucrose diets: alterations on hepatic cholesterol metabolism[J]. J Lipid Res 1998; 39(7): 1455–1465.
- Anandan R, Ganesan B, Obulesu T, Mathew S, Kumar RS, Lakshmanan PT, et al. Dietary chitosan supplementation attenuates isoprenaline-induced oxidative stress in rat myocardium[J]. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51(5): 783–787.
- Zhang J, Liu J, Li L, and Xia W. Dietary chitosan improves hypercholesterolemia in rats fed high-fat diets[J]. Nutr Res 2008; 28(6): 383–390.
- Zhang J, Zhang W, Mamadouba B, and Xia W. A comparative study on hypolipidemic activities of high and low molecular weight chitosan in rats[J]. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51(4): 504–508.
- Anraku M, Michihara A, Yasufuku T, Akasaki K, Tsuchiya D, Nishio H, et al. The antioxidative and antilipidemic effects of different molecular weight chitosans in metabolic syndrome model rats[J]. Biol Pharmaceut Bull 2010; 33(12): 1994–1998.
- Baker WL, Tercius A, Anglade M, White CM, and Coleman CI. A meta-analysis evaluating the impact of chitosan on serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic patients[J]. Ann Nutr Metabol 2009; 55(4): 368–374.
- Liu L, Lv H, Jiang J, Zheng K, Ye W, Wang Z, et al. Reinforced chitosan beads by chitin nanofibers for the immobilization of β-glucosidase[J]. RSC Adv 2015; 5(113): 93331–93336.
- Kumar MNVR. A review of chitin and chitosan applications[J]. React Funct Polymers 2000; 46(1): 1–27.
- Fan Y, Fukuzumi H, Saito T, and Isogai A. Comparative characterization of aqueous dispersions and cast films of different chitin nanowhiskers/nanofibers[J]. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50(1): 69–76.
- Fan Y, Saito T, Isogai A. Individual chitin nano-whiskers prepared from partially deacetylated α-chitin by fibril surface cationization[J]. Carbohydr Polymers 2010; 79(4): 1046–1051.
- Zhang Y, Jiang J, Liu L, Zheng K, Yu S, and Fan Y. Preparation, assessment, and comparison of α-chitin nano-fiber films with different surface charges[J]. Nanoscale Res Lett 2015; 10(1): 1.
- Liu L, Wang R, Yu J, Jiang J, Zheng K, Hu L, et al. Robust self-standing chitin Nanofiber/Nanowhisker hydrogels with designed surface charges and ultralow mass content via Gas Phase Coagulation[J]. Biomacromol 2016; 17(11): 3773–3781.
- Azuma K, Nagae T, Nagai T, Izawa H, Morimoto M, Murahata Y, et al. Effects of surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers in an experimental model of hypercholesterolemia[J]. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16(8): 17445–17455.
- Anraku M, Tabuchi R, Ifuku S, Nagae T, Iohara D, Tomida H, et al. An oral absorbent, surface-deacetylated chitin nano-fiber ameliorates renal injury and oxidative stress in 5/6 nephrectomized rats[J]. Carbohydr Polymers 2017; 161: 21–25.
- Fan Y, Saito T, Isogai A. Preparation of chitin nanofibers from squid pen β-chitin by simple mechanical treatment under acid conditions[J]. Biomacromol 2008; 9(7): 1919–1923.
- Qi H, Huang L, Liu X, Liu D, Zhang Q, and Liu S. Antihyperlipidemic activity of high sulfate content derivative of polysaccharide extracted from Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta)[J]. Carbohydr Polymers 2012; 87(2): 1637–1640.
- Xu W, Zhou Q, Yin JJ, Yao Y, and Zhang JL. Anti-diabetic effects of polysaccharides from Talinum triangulare in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic male mice[J]. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72: 575–579.
- Sumiyoshi M, Kimura Y. Low molecular weight chitosan inhibits obesity induced by feeding a high-fat diet long-term in mice[J]. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58(2): 201–207.
- Liu J, Zhang J, Xia W. Hypocholesterolaemic effects of different chitosan samples in vitro and in vivo[J]. Food Chem 2008; 107(1): 419–425.
- Xia W, Liu P, Zhang J, and Chen J. Biological activities of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides[J]. Food Hydrocolloids 2011; 25(2): 170–179.
Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. Read the full Copyright- and Licensing Statement.
