High hydrostatic pressure extract of mulberry leaves ameliorates hypercholesterolemia via modulating hepatic microRNA-33 expression and AMPK activity in high cholesterol diet fed rats

  • Eunyoung Lee Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
  • Mak-Soon Lee Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
  • Eugene Chang Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
  • Chong-Tai Kim R&D Center, EastHill Corporation, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
  • Ae-Jin Choi Functional Food & Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science (NIAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju, jeolabuk-do, South Korea
  • In-Hwan Kim Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
  • Yangha Kim Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul; and Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v65.7587
Keywords: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK); bile acid; cholesterol; mulberry leaf extract; microRNA-33

Abstract

Background: Mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.) contains multiple bioactive ingredients and has been used in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing has been developed for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants. However, the hypocholesterolemic effect of the HHP extract from mulberry leaves and its underlying mechanism have never been investigated.

Objective: The specific aim of the present study was to investigate the hypocholesterolemic property of a novel extract obtained from mulberry leaves under HHP in rats.

Design: Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed either a normal diet (NOR), a high cholesterol diet containing 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid (HC), an HC diet containing 0.5% mulberry leaf extract (ML), or a 1% mulberry leaf extract (MH) for 4 weeks.

Results: High hydrostatic pressure extract of mulberry leaves significantly reduced the HC-increased serum levels of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and hepatic contents of TG and TC. The HHP extraction from mulberry leaves also increased the HC-decreased fecal TC and bile acid levels without changing body weight, food intake, liver weight, and serum activities of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) (P < 0.05). The mulberry leaf extract significantly enhanced the expression of hepatic genes such as cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), and ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABCG5/ABCG8, involved in hepatic bile acid synthesis and cholesterol efflux (P < 0.05). In addition, the HHP extraction of mulberry leaves significantly suppressed hepatic microRNA(miR)-33 expression and increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity.

Conclusion: These results suggest that the HHP extract of mulberry leaves lowers serum cholesterol levels by partially increasing hepatic bile acid synthesis and fecal cholesterol excretion through the modulation of miR- 33 expression and AMPK activation in the liver.

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Published
2021-05-03
How to Cite
Lee E., Lee M.-S., Chang E., Kim C.-T., Choi A.-J., Kim I.-H., & Kim Y. (2021). High hydrostatic pressure extract of mulberry leaves ameliorates hypercholesterolemia via modulating hepatic microRNA-33 expression and AMPK activity in high cholesterol diet fed rats. Food & Nutrition Research, 65. https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v65.7587
Issue
Vol 65 (2021)
Section
Original Articles
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