Human body weight, nutrients, and foods: a scoping review
Keywords:
Scoping review, Body weight, Human, Macronutrients, Foods, Overweight, Obesity, Diet, Adults, Children
Abstract
Background: The aim of this article (scoping review) is to elucidate the current knowledge for the potential role of body weight for setting and updating Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) and Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs). The following research questions were formulated:
- What is known about the association between intakes of specific nutrient and/or foods (exposure/intervention) and body weight (outcome) in the general population?
- What is known about the association between body weight (exposure) and intakes of specific nutrient and/or foods (outcomes)?
- Is there any evidence suggesting specific effects of foods or nutrients on body weight independent of caloric content?
Methods: To identify potentially relevant articles, PubMed was searched from January 1, 2011 to June 9, 2021. The search strategy was drafted by the NNR2022 Committee. The final results were exported into EndNote. Systematic reviews (SRs), scoping reviews (ScRs), reviews, and meta-analyses (MAs) on the topic ‘Body weight’ published between January 1, 2011 and June 9, 2021, including human participants from the general population, in English or Scandinavian language (Norwegian, Swedish, or Danish), were considered eligible.
Main findings: First, the overall body of evidence based on findings from SRs and MAs of observational and clinical studies indicates that changes in intakes of specific nutrients (sugar, fiber, and fat) and/or foods (sugar sweetened beverages, fiber rich food, and vegetables) are associated with modest or small short-term changes (0.3–1.3 kg) in body weight in the general population (with or without obesity/overweight), while long-term studies are generally lacking. Second, no study in our search assessed any association between body weight (exposure) and intakes of specific nutrients or foods (outcomes). Third, limited evidence suggests, but does not prove, that some foods or nutrients may have specific effects on body weight or body weight measures independent of caloric content (e.g. nuts and dairy). These findings may inform the setting and updating of DRVs and FBDGs in NNR2022.
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References
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2. Blundell JE, Gibbons C, Beaulieu K, Casanova N, Duarte C, Finlayson G, et al. The drive to eat in homo sapiens: energy expenditure drives energy intake. Physiol Behav 2020; 219: 112846. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112846
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4. Christensen JJ, Arnesen EK, Andersen R, Eneroth H, Erkkola M, Hoyer A, et al. The Nordic nutrition recommendations 2022 – principles and methodologies. Food Nutr Res. 2020; 64: 1–15. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v64.4402
5. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med 2018; 169(7): 467–73. doi: 10.7326/M18-0850
6. Hoyer A, Christensen JJ, Arnesen EK, Andersen R, Eneroth H, Erkkola M, et al. The Nordic nutrition recommendations 2022 – prioritisation of topics for de novo systematic reviews. Food Nutr Res. 2021; 65: 1–38. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7828
7. Bes-Rastrollo M, Sayon-Orea C, Ruiz-Canela M, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Impact of sugars and sugar taxation on body weight control: a comprehensive literature review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24(7): 1410–26. doi: 10.1002/oby.21535
8. Kahn R, Sievenpiper JL. Dietary sugar and body weight: have we reached a crisis in the epidemic of obesity and diabetes?: We have, but the pox on sugar is overwrought and overworked. Diabetes Care 2014; 37(4): 957–62. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2506
9. Bray GA, Popkin BM. Dietary sugar and body weight: have we reached a crisis in the epidemic of obesity and diabetes?: Health be damned! Pour on the sugar. Diabetes Care 2014; 37(4): 950–6. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2085
10. Massougbodji J, Le Bodo Y, Fratu R, De Wals P. Reviews examining sugar-sweetened beverages and body weight: correlates of their quality and conclusions. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99(5): 1096–104. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.063776
11. Ebbeling CB. Sugar-sweetened beverages and body weight. Curr Opin Lipidol 2014; 25(1): 1–7. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000035
12. Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Mirrahimi A, Yu ME, Carleton AJ, Beyene J, et al. Effect of fructose on body weight in controlled feeding trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2012; 156(4): 291–304. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00007
13. Te Morenga L, Mallard S, Mann J. Dietary sugars and body weight: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies. BMJ 2012; 346: e7492. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e7492
14. Mattes RD, Shikany JM, Kaiser KA, Allison DB. Nutritively sweetened beverage consumption and body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized experiments. Obes Rev 2011; 12(5): 346–65. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00755.x
15. Laviada-Molina H, Molina-Segui F, Pérez-Gaxiola G, Cuello-García C, Arjona-Villicaña R, Espinosa-Marrón A, et al. Effects of nonnutritive sweeteners on body weight and BMI in diverse clinical contexts: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2020; 21(7): e13020. doi: 10.1111/obr.13020
16. Cavagnari BM. Non-caloric sweeteners and body weight. Medicina (B Aires) 2019; 79(2): 115–22.
17. Mosdøl A, Vist GE, Svendsen C, Dirven H, Lillegaard ITL, Mathisen GH, et al. Hypotheses and evidence related to intense sweeteners and effects on appetite and body weight changes: a scoping review of reviews. PLoS One 2018; 13(7): e0199558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199558
18. Rogers PJ, Hogenkamp PS, de Graaf C, Higgs S, Lluch A, Ness AR, et al. Does low-energy sweetener consumption affect energy intake and body weight? A systematic review, including meta-analyses, of the evidence from human and animal studies. Int J Obes (Lond). 2016; 40(3): 381–94. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.177
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Published
2022-08-22
How to Cite
Hjelmesæth J., & Sjöberg A. (2022). Human body weight, nutrients, and foods: a scoping review. Food & Nutrition Research, 66. https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v66.8814
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Nordic Nutrition Recommendations
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