Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed obese rats and suppresses intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via the AMPK-dependent and insulin signaling pathways

  • Maya Kudo School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
  • Ming Gao School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; and Institute for Bioscience, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
  • Misa Hayashi School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
  • Yukiko Kobayashi Tokiwa Phytochemical Co., Ltd., Sakura, Chiba, Japan
  • Jinwei Yang Tokiwa Phytochemical Co., Ltd., Sakura, Chiba, Japan
  • Tonghua Liu Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v68.10307
Keywords: mate, life-style-related diseases, adipose tissue, adipogenesis, lipolysis, lipid metabolism pathway

Abstract

Background: Obesity is closely associated with several chronic diseases, and adipose tissue plays a major role in modulating energy metabolism.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether Mate, derived from I. paraguariensis A.St.-Hil., ameliorates lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Design: 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured for 7 days, following which intracellular lipid accumulation and expression levels of lipid metabolism-related factors were examined. Dorsomorphin was used to investigate the potential pathways involved, particularly the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)- dependent pathway. Mate was administered to rat HFD-fed obese SD models for 8 consecutive weeks. The expression of lipid metabolism-related factors in the organs and tissues collected from dissected SD rats was evaluated.

Results: Mate suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, increased the protein and gene expression levels of AMPK, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), calmodulin kinase kinase (CaMKK), liver kinase B1 (LKB1), protein kinase A (PKA), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), insulin receptor b (IRβ), and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) (Tyr465), and decreased those of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1C (Srebp1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and IRS1 (Ser1101). Furthermore, an AMPK inhibitor abolished the effects exerted by Mate on intracellular lipid accumulation and HSL and FAS expression levels. Mate treatment suppressed body weight gain and improved serum cholesterol levels in HFD-fed obese SD rats. Treatment with Mate increased the protein and gene expression levels of AMPK, PKA, Erk1/Erk2 (p44/p42), and uncoupling protein 1 and reduced those of mammalian target of rapamycin, S6 kinase, Srebp1c, ap2, FAS, Il6, Adiponectin, Leptin, and Fabp4 in rat HFD-fed obese SD models.

Discussion and conclusions: Mate suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and improved lipid metabolism in the epididymal adipose tissue of HFD-fed obese SD rats via the activation of AMPK-dependent and insulin signaling pathways.

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Published
2024-01-22
How to Cite
Kudo M., Gao M., Hayashi M., Kobayashi Y., Yang J., & Liu T. (2024). <em>Ilex paraguariensis</em&gt; A.St.-Hil. improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed obese rats and suppresses intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via the AMPK-dependent and insulin signaling pathways. Food & Nutrition Research, 68. https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v68.10307
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Vol 68 (2024)
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