Iodine: a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

  • Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir 1Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; and Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
  • Anne Lise Brantsæter Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.10369
Keywords: iodine, thyroid function, goitre, nutrition recommendations

Abstract

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). As in many other parts of the world, insufficient iodine intake and consequently insufficient iodine status is a public health challenge in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The main dietary sources of iodine in the Nordic and Baltic countries include cow’s milk, saltwater fish, eggs, products containing iodised salt, and iodised table salt. Only Denmark (DK), Finland (FI) and Sweden (SE) have implemented mandatory (DK) or voluntary (SE, FI) salt iodisation. New data, as well as recent studies from the Nordic and Baltic countries, strengthen the evidence that the main health challenges related to insufficient iodine intake remain thyroid function and thyroid disease, mental development, and cognitive function. Excessive intakes can also cause hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroid disease, and thyroid cancer.

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Published
2023-12-26
How to Cite
Gunnarsdóttir I., & Brantsæter A. L. (2023). Iodine: a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food & Nutrition Research, 67. https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.10369
Issue
Vol 67 (2023)
Section
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations
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